Kodi mbiri ya chitukuko cha silikoni ndi chiyani?

Aug 12, 2025 Siyani uthenga

1.1.1.1 Nthawi yoyambira

 

Kuchokera mu 1863 mpaka 1880, asayansi a ku France C.Friedel ndi JM crafts, pamodzi ndi A. ladenberg ndi ena, anachita ntchito yaikulu. Iwo aona silicon ndi silikoni{7}zakuphatikizira kaboni ndipo achita kafukufuku wozama komanso{8}}mozama.

Pambuyo pake, Friedel ndi Ladenburg, popanda kusindikiza machubu, adatulutsa ma silanes osiyanasiyana omwe adalowa m'malo mwa zomwe diethyl zinki zimachita ndi triethoxysilane ndi zitsulo zachitsulo, monga ethyl chlorosilane, ethyl ethoxysilane, phenyl chlorosilane, etc.

 

1.1.1.2 Nthawi ya Kukula

Kuchokera mu 1904 mpaka 1937, ndiye kuti, mu 1904, wasayansi wa ku Britain FS KippiHg adapanga bwinobwino chigawo chokhala ndi silicon-carbon bond - dimethyldichlorosilane - pogwiritsa ntchito Greiner's reagent ndi silicon tetrachloride, motero anayala maziko a kafukufuku wa organosilicon.

 

1.1.1.3 Nthawi Yachitukuko

DOW CORNING Inc. (DOW Corning Gf Hyde ya CO., WJPatnode ndi EGRoch-owt of General electric company (http://GECO) adazindikira kuti ma polima a organosilicon ali ndi chiyembekezo chogwiritsa ntchito kwambiri. Anapititsa patsogolo njira yophatikizika ya zinthu zopangira polima {{12} zotsogola pang'onopang'ono kapena mochedwa. M'ma 1930, njira ya Dow Corning yopangira organochlorosilane, utomoni wapakatikati wa silikoni, kutengera momwe Grignard amachitira, makamaka "njira yophatikizira" yomwe idapangidwa ndi Rocho mu 1941, idalimbikitsa kubwera kwanthawi yamakampani opanga utomoni wa silikoni. zazikulu-zopanga silikoni kompositi.

 

1.1.1.4 Nthawi Yopambana

Kuyambira 1966, kuwonjezera pa kuphatikiza, kupanga, kukonza ndi kugwiritsa ntchito zomwe zilipo kale, anthu atembenukira ku gawo latsopano la organosilicon. Mankhwala omwe kale ankaganiziridwa kuti sangathe kupangidwa tsopano akhoza kupangidwa. Nthambi yomwe ikukula mwachangu-m'zaka zaposachedwa ndi silicon-zophatikiza zitsulo zachitsulo, makamaka zopangidwa ndi silicon ndi ma element a transition, omwe ali ndi tanthauzo lalikulu komanso othandiza. Zopangidwa zamitundu yonse zamera ngati bowa pambuyo pa mvula, ndipo chemistry ya organosilicon yapeza zotsatira zabwino. Chotero, kuyambira 1966, wakhala akutchedwa nyengo yachinayi ya chitukuko